Study of Regenerative Braking of Electrical Vehicles

The optimized use of the energy stored in induction motors during deceleration is still a competitive challenge especially for Electrical Vehicles (EV) drive systems designer and manufactures. There are many control algorithms depending on many different methodologies to reach a balance point to determine when exactly the regenerative braking will be used effectively and how long that whether it will be remained usage rather using the normal mechanical braking. The drive system allows the control/conversion of the mechanical energy stored in the EV’s inertial mass to convert the kinetic energy into electric energy. Further benefits of regenerative braking is fuel saving rather than the corresponding internal combustion engine ICE while ramp down/deceleration. This paper presents the simulated model and the concept of the control algorithm used in electrical vehicles. Moreover, it presents the main factors that affect the regenerated power and the optimization of using regenerative brake. Besides that, it presents the effects of using different super capacitor sizes on the regenerative power and the voltage profile. Moreover, to verify the validity and reliability of the developed control model, a permanent magnet synchronous motor is used and its results are compared with induction motors.